''Sodom'' is an obscene

Restoration Restoration is the act of restoring something to its original state and may refer to: * Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage ** Audio restoration ** Film restoration ** Image restoration ** Textile restoration * Restoration ecology ...

closet drama A closet drama is a play that is not intended to be performed onstage, but read by a solitary reader or sometimes out loud in a large group. The contrast between closet drama and classic "stage" dramas dates back to the late eighteenth century. Al ...

, published in 1684. The work has been attributed to

John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1 April 1647 – 26 July 1680) was an English poet and courtier of King Charles II's Restoration court. The Restoration reacted against the "spiritual authoritarianism" of the Puritan era. Rochester embodie ...

, though its authorship is disputed. Determining the date of composition and attribution are complicated owing mostly to misattribution of evidence for and against Rochester's authorship in Restoration and later texts.

Plot

The play consists of five acts in rhyming couplets. There are two

prologue A prologue or prolog (from Greek πρόλογος ''prólogos'', from πρό ''pró'', "before" and λόγος ''lógos'', "word") is an opening to a story that establishes the context and gives background details, often some earlier story that ...

s, two

epilogue An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος ''epílogos'', "conclusion" from ἐπί ''epi'', "in addition" and λόγος ''logos'', "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the w ...

s and a short final speech. The play begins with Bolloxinion, King of Sodom, authorising same-sex

sodomy Sodomy () or buggery (British English) is generally anal or oral sex between people, or sexual activity between a person and a non-human animal ( bestiality), but it may also mean any non- procreative sexual activity. Originally, the term ''sodo ...

as an acceptable sexual practice within the realm. General Buggeranthos reports that this policy is welcomed by the soldiers, who spend less on

prostitutes Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse, non-penet ...

as a consequence, but has deleterious effects on women of the kingdom who have recourse to "dildoes and

dog The dog (''Canis familiaris'' or ''Canis lupus familiaris'') is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Do ...

s". Prince Pricket and Princess Swivia commit incest with one another. With the court and country reduced to erotic madness, the court physician counsels: "Fuck women, and let Bugg'ry be no more". The king himself, however is unconvinced, while the Queen dies of

venereal disease Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the older term venereal diseases, are infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and oral se ...

. Amid the appearance of demons, fire, and brimstone, Bolloxinion declares his intention to retire to a cavern and die in the act of sodomising his favourite – Pockenello.

Cast

*Bolloxinion – King of Sodom *Cuntigratia – his Queen *Pricket – young Prince *Swivia – Princess *Buggeranthos – General of the Army *Pockenello – Prince and favourite of the King *Borastus – Buggermaster-General *Pene & Tooly – Pimps of Honour *Officina – Maid of Honour *Fuckadilla – Maid of Honour *Cunticulla – Maid of Honour *Clytoris – Maid of Honour *Flux – Physician to the King *Vertuso – Dildo- and Merkin-Maker for the Court

Interpretation

''Sodom'' merits attention not just as an early piece of scabrous literature, but also as a disguised satire on the court of Charles II and especially of his apparent willingness to tolerate

Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

at a time when that religion was officially proscribed. Written presumably at the time of Charles's 1672

Declaration of Indulgence The Declaration of Indulgence, also called Declaration for Liberty of Conscience, was a pair of proclamations made by James II of England and Ireland and VII of Scotland in 1687. The Indulgence was first issued for Scotland on 12 February and t ...

(which promulgated official toleration of Catholics and others), ''Sodom'' delineates in its racy plot a king much like Charles whose insistence on promoting his sexual preference for sodomy can be read as an analogue to the debate in England at the time about the king's real motive in pushing religious toleration.

Performance history

''Sodom'' is popularly classified as

, which means it has not had a major performance for centuries. The play was publicly performed in 1986 for six weekends at

Broom Street Theater Broom Street Theater (also known as Broom Street or BST) is an experimental black box theater located in the heart of Madison Isthmus, Madison's isthmus. As one of the oldest and most prolific experimental theater companies in the United States, it ...

in Madison, Wisconsin. ''Sodom'' was revived at the

Edinburgh Fringe Festival The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (also referred to as The Fringe, Edinburgh Fringe, or Edinburgh Fringe Festival) is the world's largest arts and media festival, which in 2019 spanned 25 days and featured more than 59,600 performances of 3,841 dif ...

in 2011 by the Movement Theatre Company, in what is described as a "reconstructed" version.

Modern media

In the film '' The Libertine'',

Johnny Depp John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor and musician. He is the recipient of multiple accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to nominations for three Academy Award ...

, as Rochester, is seen staging ''Sodom'' in front of an outraged Charles II, with Rochester taking the role of the King of Sodom.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodom, Or The Quintessence Of Debauchery English Restoration plays 1684 plays Works of uncertain authorship LGBT-related plays Sodom and Gomorrah Incest in plays